RED
P is a function of average queue length
- small bursts pass through unharmed
- only affects sustained overloads
- P also depends on how long since last drop; RED counts new packets that have been queued while average length has been between the two thresholds
- TempP = MaxP * (AvgLen - MinThreshold)/(MaxThreshold - MinThreshold)
P = TempP / (1 - count * TempP)
Cooperative sources reduce their rate and get lower overall delays, uncooperative sources get severe packet loss
Random drops help avoid global synchronization, which occurs when hundreds or thousands of flows back off and go into slow start at roughly the same time